Japanese automaker Mazda has teamed up with its joint venture with China’s Changan to pool carbon credits and help avoid carbon emissions fines, an EU document showed.

EU’s fines, which carmakers have said could total up to 15 billion euros ($17.5 billion) for the industry, were initially envisaged to apply to 2025 carbon emissions levels.

However, in March, the European Commission bowed to pressure from car manufacturers and allowed compliance based on their average emissions over 2025-2027.