In ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada): ನೀನು (neenu) is the informal you and ನೀವು (neevu) is the formal you.

Pretty much all verbs can be conjugated into formal and informal variants with varying levels of respect indicated. And a ton of words have spoken and written variants - but let’s not get into that now.

Ex for verbs:

• “go”

  • ಹೋಗಿ: hogi, gender neutral formal
  • ಹೋಗು: hogu, gender neutral informal
  • ಹೋಗೋ: hogo, male informal less respectful
  • ಹೋಗೋಲೋ: hogolo, male disrespectful , almost like “fuck off dude”

• “stand up” is ನಿಂತುಕೊ (ninthuko, informal) or ನಿಂತುಕೊಳ್ಳಿ (ninthukolli, formal) etc.

Where I’m from, we use the formal variants when talking to pretty much anyone. The informal version is mostly used if you’re talking to friends, toddlers, or cousins (of your own age). The other use case for the informal versions is if you want to insult someone without swearing at them or using the completely disrespectful variants.

Rules change from one city to the next though, and there are regions where using the informal variants is the norm. This leads to some extremely confusing situations - the first time my girl friend met my parents, she addressed them using the informal you and they were shocked (till I jumped in and clarified) as they thought she was dissing them, but it’s just how people spoke in the city where she grew up. 🤷‍♂️