There’s certainly a lot to discuss, relative to experimental design and ethics. Peer review and good design hopefully minimize the clearly undesirable scenarios you describe as well as other subtle sources of error.
I was really just trying to explain what we’re looking at on op’s graph.
But then you have competing bad outcomes:
Some people will refuse other treatments regardless, so you’re not changing the outcome.
There’s certainly a lot to discuss, relative to experimental design and ethics. Peer review and good design hopefully minimize the clearly undesirable scenarios you describe as well as other subtle sources of error.
I was really just trying to explain what we’re looking at on op’s graph.