The technological struggles are in some ways beside the point. The financial bet on artificial general intelligence is so big that failure could cause a depression.
Not really the same thing. The Tic Tac Toe brute force is just a lookup - every possible state is pre-solved and the program just spits back the stored move. There’s no reasoning or decision-making happening. Atari Chess, on the other hand, couldn’t possibly store all chess positions, so it actually ran a search and evaluated positions on the fly. That’s why it counts as AI: it was computing moves, not just retrieving them.
That’s just false. The chess opponent on Atari qualifies as AI.
Then a trivial table lookup that plays optimal Tic Tac Toe is also AI.
Not really the same thing. The Tic Tac Toe brute force is just a lookup - every possible state is pre-solved and the program just spits back the stored move. There’s no reasoning or decision-making happening. Atari Chess, on the other hand, couldn’t possibly store all chess positions, so it actually ran a search and evaluated positions on the fly. That’s why it counts as AI: it was computing moves, not just retrieving them.